Prevalence and associated comorbidities of restless legs syndrome (RLS): Data from a large population-based door-to-door survey on 19176 adults in Tehran, Iran
Identifieur interne : 000042 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000041; suivant : 000043Prevalence and associated comorbidities of restless legs syndrome (RLS): Data from a large population-based door-to-door survey on 19176 adults in Tehran, Iran
Auteurs : Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad [Suède, Canada, Iran] ; Arash Rahmani [Iran] ; Mahdiyeh Shafieesabet [Iran] ; Mahshid Soori [Iran] ; Ahmad Delbari [Suède, Iran] ; Mohammad Reza Motamed [Iran] ; Johan Lökk [Suède]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
Discrepancies have been reported in the prevalence rate of restless legs syndrome (RLS) among different ethnic groups and geographic populations. Furthermore, there are disagreements on determinant factors and associated comorbidities of RLS. We aimed to estimate prevalence of RLS and investigate its associated comorbid conditions and risk factors in a large population-based door-to-door survey.
Following a multistage random sampling from the households lived in 22 urban districts of Tehran, Iran, 19176 participants with ≥30 years of age were recruited. Trained surveyors filled study checklist consisting of baseline characteristics, risk factors and comorbidity profile and the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) diagnostic criteria through face-to-face interviews.
In total, 1580 individuals were positively screened for RLS resulting in a standardized prevalence rate of 60.0/1000. There was a gradual increase in RLS prevalence by advancing age, however, sex difference disappeared after adjustment. Parkinsonism [adjusted odds’ ratio (adj-OR) = 7.4 (95% CI: 5.3–10.4)], peripheral neuropathy [adj-OR = 3.7 (95% CI: 3.3–4.1)], subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) [adj-OR = 3.1 (95% CI: 2.7–3.4)], acting out dreams [adj-OR = 2.8 (95% CI: 2.5–3.2)], hyposmia [adj-OR = 2.5 (95% CI: 2.2–2.9)], active smoking [adj-OR = 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3–1.9)] and additional number of cardiometabolic diseases associated with higher risk of RLS [adj-OR = 1.6 (95% CI: 1.2–2.3)].
Our findings showed that neuro-cognitive co-morbidities such as parkinsonism, peripheral neuropathy, SCI, acting out dreams and hyposmia as well as cardio-metabolic risk factors and diseases were independent determinants of RLS. It is recommended to screen individuals with either these comorbid conditions for RLS or the ones with RLS for the accompanying diseases.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172593
PubMed: 28212408
PubMed Central: 5315310
Affiliations:
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Tehran</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tehran</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Motamed, Mohammad Reza" sort="Motamed, Mohammad Reza" uniqKey="Motamed M" first="Mohammad Reza" last="Motamed">Mohammad Reza Motamed</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Firoozgar Clinical Research Development Center (FCRDC), Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Firoozgar Clinical Research Development Center (FCRDC), Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tehran</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tehran</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lokk, Johan" sort="Lokk, Johan" uniqKey="Lokk J" first="Johan" last="Lökk">Johan Lökk</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Division of Clinical geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Clinical geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of 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Clinical geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Québec</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université McGill</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Montréal</settlement><region type="state">Québec</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Firoozgar Clinical Research Development Center (FCRDC), Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Firoozgar Clinical Research Development Center (FCRDC), Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tehran</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rahmani, Arash" sort="Rahmani, Arash" uniqKey="Rahmani A" first="Arash" last="Rahmani">Arash Rahmani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Medical Student Research Committee (MSRC), Mental Health Research Center, Tehran Psychiatry Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Student Research Committee (MSRC), Mental Health Research Center, Tehran Psychiatry Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tehran</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shafieesabet, Mahdiyeh" sort="Shafieesabet, Mahdiyeh" uniqKey="Shafieesabet M" first="Mahdiyeh" last="Shafieesabet">Mahdiyeh Shafieesabet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Medical Student Research Committee (MSRC), Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Student Research Committee (MSRC), Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tehran</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soori, Mahshid" sort="Soori, Mahshid" uniqKey="Soori M" first="Mahshid" last="Soori">Mahshid Soori</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Medical Student Research Committee (MSRC), Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Student Research Committee (MSRC), Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tehran</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delbari, Ahmad" sort="Delbari, Ahmad" uniqKey="Delbari A" first="Ahmad" last="Delbari">Ahmad Delbari</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Division of Clinical geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Clinical geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation, Tehran, Iran</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation, Tehran</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tehran</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Motamed, Mohammad Reza" sort="Motamed, Mohammad Reza" uniqKey="Motamed M" first="Mohammad Reza" last="Motamed">Mohammad Reza Motamed</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Firoozgar Clinical Research Development Center (FCRDC), Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Firoozgar Clinical Research Development Center (FCRDC), Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tehran</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tehran</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lokk, Johan" sort="Lokk, Johan" uniqKey="Lokk J" first="Johan" last="Lökk">Johan Lökk</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Division of Clinical geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Clinical geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="sec001"><title>Background</title><p>Discrepancies have been reported in the prevalence rate of restless legs syndrome (RLS) among different ethnic groups and geographic populations. Furthermore, there are disagreements on determinant factors and associated comorbidities of RLS. We aimed to estimate prevalence of RLS and investigate its associated comorbid conditions and risk factors in a large population-based door-to-door survey.</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Methods</title><p>Following a multistage random sampling from the households lived in 22 urban districts of Tehran, Iran, 19176 participants with ≥30 years of age were recruited. Trained surveyors filled study checklist consisting of baseline characteristics, risk factors and comorbidity profile and the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) diagnostic criteria through face-to-face interviews.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Results</title><p>In total, 1580 individuals were positively screened for RLS resulting in a standardized prevalence rate of 60.0/1000. There was a gradual increase in RLS prevalence by advancing age, however, sex difference disappeared after adjustment. Parkinsonism [adjusted odds’ ratio (adj-OR) = 7.4 (95% CI: 5.3–10.4)], peripheral neuropathy [adj-OR = 3.7 (95% CI: 3.3–4.1)], subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) [adj-OR = 3.1 (95% CI: 2.7–3.4)], acting out dreams [adj-OR = 2.8 (95% CI: 2.5–3.2)], hyposmia [adj-OR = 2.5 (95% CI: 2.2–2.9)], active smoking [adj-OR = 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3–1.9)] and additional number of cardiometabolic diseases associated with higher risk of RLS [adj-OR = 1.6 (95% CI: 1.2–2.3)].</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Our findings showed that neuro-cognitive co-morbidities such as parkinsonism, peripheral neuropathy, SCI, acting out dreams and hyposmia as well as cardio-metabolic risk factors and diseases were independent determinants of RLS. It is recommended to screen individuals with either these comorbid conditions for RLS or the ones with RLS for the accompanying diseases.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Walters, As" uniqKey="Walters A">AS Walters</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aldrich, Ms" uniqKey="Aldrich M">MS Aldrich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Allen, R" uniqKey="Allen R">R Allen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ancoli Israel, S" uniqKey="Ancoli Israel S">S Ancoli-Israel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buchholz, D" uniqKey="Buchholz D">D Buchholz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chokroverty, S" uniqKey="Chokroverty S">S Chokroverty</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ohayon, Mm" uniqKey="Ohayon M">MM Ohayon</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Hara, R" uniqKey="O Hara R">R O'Hara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vitiello, Mv" uniqKey="Vitiello M">MV 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Winkelman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, X" uniqKey="Gao X">X Gao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Vito, K" uniqKey="De Vito K">K De Vito</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Y" uniqKey="Li Y">Y Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Batool Anwar, S" uniqKey="Batool Anwar S">S Batool-Anwar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ning, Y" uniqKey="Ning Y">Y Ning</name></author><author><name sortKey="Han, J" uniqKey="Han J">J Han</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, X" uniqKey="Gao X">X Gao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Szentkiralyi, A" uniqKey="Szentkiralyi A">A Szentkiralyi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Volzke, H" uniqKey="Volzke H">H Volzke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoffmann, W" uniqKey="Hoffmann W">W Hoffmann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Happe, S" uniqKey="Happe S">S Happe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berger, K" uniqKey="Berger K">K Berger</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hening, Wa" uniqKey="Hening W">WA Hening</name></author><author><name sortKey="Allen, Rp" uniqKey="Allen R">RP Allen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Washburn, M" uniqKey="Washburn M">M Washburn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lesage, Sr" uniqKey="Lesage S">SR Lesage</name></author><author><name sortKey="Earley, Cj" uniqKey="Earley C">CJ Earley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Short, Me" uniqKey="Short M">ME Short</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goetzel, Rz" uniqKey="Goetzel R">RZ Goetzel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pei, X" uniqKey="Pei X">X Pei</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tabrizi, Mj" uniqKey="Tabrizi M">MJ Tabrizi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ozminkowski, Rj" uniqKey="Ozminkowski R">RJ Ozminkowski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gibson, Tb" uniqKey="Gibson T">TB Gibson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Trenkwalder, C" uniqKey="Trenkwalder C">C Trenkwalder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Allen, R" uniqKey="Allen R">R Allen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hogl, B" uniqKey="Hogl B">B Hogl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paulus, W" uniqKey="Paulus W">W Paulus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Winkelmann, J" uniqKey="Winkelmann J">J Winkelmann</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, Y" uniqKey="Li Y">Y Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, W" uniqKey="Wang W">W Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Winkelman, Jw" uniqKey="Winkelman J">JW Winkelman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Malhotra, A" uniqKey="Malhotra A">A Malhotra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ma, J" uniqKey="Ma J">J Ma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, X" uniqKey="Gao X">X Gao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li><li>Iran</li><li>Suède</li></country><region><li>Québec</li><li>Svealand</li></region><settlement><li>Montréal</li><li>Stockholm</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université McGill</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Suède"><region name="Svealand"><name sortKey="Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad" sort="Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad" uniqKey="Fereshtehnejad S" first="Seyed-Mohammad" last="Fereshtehnejad">Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad</name></region><name sortKey="Delbari, Ahmad" sort="Delbari, Ahmad" uniqKey="Delbari A" first="Ahmad" last="Delbari">Ahmad Delbari</name><name sortKey="Lokk, Johan" sort="Lokk, Johan" uniqKey="Lokk J" first="Johan" last="Lökk">Johan Lökk</name><name sortKey="Lokk, Johan" sort="Lokk, Johan" uniqKey="Lokk J" first="Johan" last="Lökk">Johan Lökk</name></country><country name="Canada"><region name="Québec"><name sortKey="Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad" sort="Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad" uniqKey="Fereshtehnejad S" first="Seyed-Mohammad" last="Fereshtehnejad">Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad</name></region></country><country name="Iran"><noRegion><name sortKey="Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad" sort="Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad" uniqKey="Fereshtehnejad S" first="Seyed-Mohammad" last="Fereshtehnejad">Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Delbari, Ahmad" sort="Delbari, Ahmad" uniqKey="Delbari A" first="Ahmad" last="Delbari">Ahmad Delbari</name><name sortKey="Motamed, Mohammad Reza" sort="Motamed, Mohammad Reza" uniqKey="Motamed M" first="Mohammad Reza" last="Motamed">Mohammad Reza Motamed</name><name sortKey="Motamed, Mohammad Reza" sort="Motamed, Mohammad Reza" uniqKey="Motamed M" first="Mohammad Reza" last="Motamed">Mohammad Reza Motamed</name><name sortKey="Rahmani, Arash" sort="Rahmani, Arash" uniqKey="Rahmani A" first="Arash" last="Rahmani">Arash Rahmani</name><name sortKey="Shafieesabet, Mahdiyeh" sort="Shafieesabet, Mahdiyeh" uniqKey="Shafieesabet M" first="Mahdiyeh" last="Shafieesabet">Mahdiyeh Shafieesabet</name><name sortKey="Soori, Mahshid" sort="Soori, Mahshid" uniqKey="Soori M" first="Mahshid" last="Soori">Mahshid Soori</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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